While the incarceration rate of the US is atrocious, the prisoners (for the most part) have access to the legal/judicial system and are covered by things like habeas corpus, right to a speedy trial, right to counsel, visitation rights, etc.

Also, for the most part, prisons in the US don’t practice torture and political reprogramming. Nor are there concentration camps with indefinite detention save for a handful of black sites like Guantanamo.

People have gotten years-long prison sentences (which are de facto death sentences with regularity) in Russia for donating a few bucks to Ukraine or speaking out against the war. Nothing comparable happens in the US (for now).