Stuff that allows it to form a solid block instead of powder. Stuff to time how long it takes to dissolve (how else can there be fast-acting and slow-acting versions?) Stuff to make the pills large enough to see with your eyes. A grain of sand is about 20 milligrams. Low-dose aspirin is 80 milligrams, but the pill is a much more convenient size than 4 grains of sand. (or 8 grains of sand, since sand is about twice as dense as pure ASA)
I am GP and did more research and need to post a correction but it's too late to edit my former comment.
The grain, in terms of weight, is 64.8 milligrams, or much more than a even a course grain of sand, which it turns out, is somewhere around 1 milligram, ranging from 0.04 mg for fine sand to 4 mg for very course sand, average around 0.3.