I think a half your problems would be solved if you asked about those terms outside of that meeting. Ask someone technical - more senior to you but close in ranks. If you wont understand answer, ask "what exactly that means? It is too abstract for me, can you show it to me in our app?" or "what does it mean practically" or something similar.

To add, this happens because you are not learning about what is going on outside of those meetings. The confusion in the meeting is just consequence.