Questions like these were mostly answered decades ago, at least operationally.

Broadly, most of behaviour is more-or-less mechanical, stimulus-reponse chains, while some behaviour has a "transmitted" component (aka "culture"), but learning is itself generally of the first order (like how children learn to walk and talk automatically); and then there is third-degree learning: the learning process itself comes to be self-reflexively the subject of culture, and this seems to be somehow the essence or crux of what differentiates humans from animals.