Nope, "removed from Sale".

You might be thinking about the fact that users who have previously downloaded the app will still be able to do so.

“Delisted” and “removed from sale” sound like synonyms to me. How do they differ? Neither necessary means “totally removed from Apple servers.”

If an app is unlisted it could still be accessible by a direct link.

Unlisted ≠ delisted. Delisted sounds to me like removed from the App Store, and unlisted sounds to me like hidden.

I paid $15 for the iOS version of Binding of Isaac and it disappeared from my library with no refund. Apple definitely completely removes things sometimes.