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I'm not going to bother with the conspiratorial bits beyond to say that Machines as the Measure of Men is a book you might find interesting to engage with. The precolumbian Americas are a fundamentally alien continent that evolved separately from Eurasia. Europeans, explorers and scholars alike, had fundamental misunderstandings of how differently societies can evolve and judged them by how similar they were to European societies. Not surprisingly, entirely alien societies evolved a bit differently and get misjudged harshly on that mistaken basis.

However, to engage with your position in good faith, it's worth going through the sorts of things Indigenous American societies were incredibly advanced at. Let's talk list some fun facts about American urbanism:

* Teotihuacan during its heyday was one of the largest cities on earth.

* Some modern cities like Tucson have continuous urban habitation stretching back to before the founding of Rome.

* Tenochtitlan was equal to or larger in size than any city of Western Europe at the time of contact. Other cities like Cusco were merely "extremely large" by European standards.

* The Valley of Mexico at contact was one of the most densely populated and urbanized regions on earth, far exceeding anything in Europe at the time.

* One of the largest residential structures at approximately the size of the modern Kremlin is Pueblo Bonito in modern New Mexico. By room numbers (though not sheer area), later Rio Grande pueblos would rival Versailles.

* Parts of modern Chandler and Mesa, AZ, as well as most of Southwestern Colorado have approximately the same population density today as in precolumbian times.

As an archaeologist I don't think any of these are particularly meaningful metrics (or that comparative work is all that useful), they're just fun. I could probably go longer with other areas and facts, but it gets boring quickly. More meaningful would be discussions of agricultural intensity or resource efficiency or systemic resilience. American societies were phenomenally competitive on these sorts of metrics. They constructed the largest irrigation networks in the world, achieved per-acre calorie densities that wouldn't be seen again until fertilizer and intensive automation were invented in the 1950s, and practiced agriculture in some of the most arid locations on the planet, where Eurasians never succeeded.


To really put the cherry on top, it appears there were even large cities further north that we didn't know about until fairly recently, such as Cahokia[0]. Gardens built on rafts were functionally an early form of aquaculture, too.[1][2]

[0] https://brewminate.com/exploring-cahokia-the-largest-pre-col...

[1] https://blogs.stockton.edu/aztecsociety/agriculture-and-exch...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture


It's a pleasure to see such informative posts here on HN. Thank you.


Brilliant Ty.


Yeah right, what's next, telling us that Mexico is part of North America? ;-)


> some archaeologists and anthropologists to attempt to desperately run away from the fact that there were very few cities in North America.

What on Earth are you talking about?




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