iPhone backups are only one snapshot and done semi-frequently so unless you notice the corruption very quickly, it's going to 'backup' that corruption too.
I said don't have the primary store of your content to be on your phone and don't backup your phone.
The reason for this is that if you lose your phone, everything is lost since you last backed up.
Instead, store have the primary store of your content to be in the cloud and backup your cloud.
The reason for this is that if you lose your phone, it's irrelevant, just get a new phone and re-install your cloud apps. Now you don't need to worry about backing up your phone ever.
The only failure mode is if your phone has not had a signal to upload new content to the cloud in the last few minutes. Well guess what you probably also haven't backed up your phone in that time either if that's what you were doing.