Guild systems do not inevitably resort to overbilling. They may resort to being overpriced but not to overbilling or lack of transparency in billing. I've not heard of doctor salaries being the reason for the U.S. spending far more per capita than other nations. It definitely contributes to this but my impression is that it is a very small part of this. Do you have evidence to the contrary?
Note that the same guild system is in force in just about every other country.
This is basic supply/demand. We have an increase in demand with the supply of doctors apparently staying stagnant. I think that's the point of this particular thread – not necessarily the billing issue.
Note that the same guild system is in force in just about every other country.