can you, or someone who understands this, explain to the layperson what this means.

the last sentence in particular, what does reinfection have to do with error correction (what is error correction (assuming it has to do with the genome)?)

why is that an advantage over influenza?

Because without error correction the mutation rate goes way up which might get you to squeak by an already alerted immune system and achieve reinfection. That's why you get new strains of the flu all the time. Error correction means that the genome will be very close to the one observed the previous time, so if you want to re-infect you need the immunity to last relatively short or be less than perfect. That secondary (or even later) infection would normally go unnoticed though.

do you have a link to this solution

ImageMagick and Tesseract for OCR-ing each page of a PDF into a separate text file (through TIFF image format, disregard the huge TIFFs afterwards), private git repos for hosting, then ag/grep for searching. Not as easy to find the phrase back in PDF as with eg. Google Books, but then GB with copyright related content restrictions is useless most of the time.

what are the three you are thinking of?

USA

China

Russia

and their respective allies / blocs ?

Probably Switzerland as well, although EU and US seem to erode that sovereignity.

"It is my perception that, at least in America and I suspect in many other places, competition pressure centered around places with strong "second place" (Job) opportunities combined with decades of civic mal-planning and treating symptoms (for some) rather than root causes (for all) have combined with a regressive tax/compensation structures to destroy the middle class and upward mobility. "

i literally cannot parse this sentence. i tried - i am a native english speaker but it's just confusing to me what the proposition being made here is. i tried reading it a few times.

it is late but if someone could clarify it would be much appreciated.

I am not a native speaker and not an author, but from my understanding, they mean that we focus on jobs, not on communities (as society), and then try to patch it later (e.g. go to specific clubs, gather in some places, etc). Moreover, it is hard to jump between social classes, therefore hard to change place of living/your surroundings.

So, in a nutshell, making our lives around job makes it hard (for majority) to live a fulfilling life outside of your job.

First place is home, second place is work, third place is communal areas - sometimes the media is referred to as a fourth place.

He's saying that homes are built/valued almost entirely with access to jobs in mind and not communal spaces, and that this has not been helped by zoning laws that enforce this problem, nor by a lack of political will to tackle either this issue or any other deep-seated causes of the problem - things like housing costs for instance, which is part of a wider issue of increasing wealth disparity across the US.

Or perhaps more succinctly, the problem is a focus on fixing the surface problems of an increasingly well-off minority, instead of trying to tackle the underlying structural problems so as to benefit everybody.

Maybe according to OPs perception, the reasons destroying the middle class and upward mobility are a combination of: competition pressure centered around places with strong "second place" (Job) opportunities, decades of civic mal-planning, treating symptoms (for some) rather than root causes (for all) and regressive tax/compensation structures

But I am not sure what that actually means. And I am not a native speaker.

why did this get downvoted, my first thought was exactly along these lines. does anyone have an answer?

Ever since practicing mindfulness and become more aware of my emotional state, drinking alcohol has become a nonstarter for me. It took a while for me to truly connect the dots, but, following a night of imbibing, I crash really hard on not just a physiological level but an emotional, psychological level as well. In fact I find it hard to separate the two reactions. To me they are basically the same thing, overall increased levels of "pain" or "anxiety" or "neurosis" manifesting in my inner being, my soul if you will.

I know that sounds a bit woo woo but it's sort of an ineffable and inarticulable idea. I'm 100% sure I feel it though, every time I drink I sleep poorly, I'm much more irritable once the alcohol wears off the next afternoon, and by the time the evening comes around, assuming I don't re-dose, I'm much more prone to ruminate on negative thoughts or seek mindless stimulation to distract my mind from the general malaise.

I think alcohol really is a mainstream and socially acceptable means of anxiety self-medication. It's a deeply engrained cultural habit that has been around for millenia, and I don't expect or advocate for it to stop, but for me it has palpable deleterious effects on my whole being.

what brand / dose do you drink? looking to switch off coffee to something more benign

I don’t remember what I drink right now, but it’s about $16 for a tiny tin at Sprouts, which is very expensive (Edit: it’s Aiya Ceremonial Grade). I’m planning on ordering some from a supplier who ships directly from Japan soon - likely O-Cha. I’ve had their sencha and it’s fantastic, looking forward to trying their matcha.

As for dose, I measure 1tsp (measuring, not table) per cup. I have one or two cups per day. But I drink it more western style than most would.

I’m trying to wean off my one and only cup of coffee first thing in the morning. Coffee makes me jittery and gives me reflux. Tea makes me alert but calm in the most pleasant and bizarre way, and doesn’t cause me reflux.

I don't hold any bitcoin or cryptocurrency and am a crypto skeptic in general but isn't this argument commonly rebutted with the comparison to gold, to which all of the same criticisms apply but which has nonetheless maintained value for millenia?

Gold at least has legitimate industrial uses that put a floor under its valuation.

how would you reword it?