Recently been reading up on model checking, and Kripke structures are mentioned often. They are somewhat similar to Labeled Transition Systems, but then with propositions on the nodes instead of labels on the edges. Turns out they are named after this person, fascinating.
isn't the crux of the matter the all-reaching laws of the US that allows their intelligence agencies to order EU-subsidiaries of US companies to offer up their data..?
I would be frankly shocked if EU countries did not have the same laws on the book. If German court serves Volkswagen AG a warrant for data kept by Volkswagen America, can Volkswagen AG just not comply?
A German court can not, in fact, serve a court order to Volkswagen America. (Technically it can, but the order is not enforceable.) A German court is also forbidden to force Volkswagen AG to reach into Volkswagen America because these are separate legal entities.
A German court would use judicial assistance and ask US law enforcement to help. US law enforcement would then adhere to local laws and protect the rights of US citizens while trying to help.
Pretty sure EU countries cannot in fact (in general) demand personal data of anyone from EU companies without due process. If you can find law to the contrary, let me know.
The procedure and requirements for obtaining a warrant under the CLOUD Act is not sufficient due process according to EU law - which is law which matters when operating a commercial business in the EU.
Sure, and US can pass a law saying that safety regulations of Airbus planes made in France are not sufficient either. Americans just don’t like flying in unsafe planes!
If you talk to actual people in Europe, outside of HN, you’ll find that overwhelming majority of people do not give a flying fuck about the “safety of their data” from US government. They just blissfully post shit on Facebook with no care in the world. This matter is a concern mostly to politicians and to activist hacker types.
This is not to say that this is not a valid concern to have, but I’d like people to spare me pretending that it’s about politicians caring about people’s rights, when just past few years they trampled all the rights in the interest of fighting coronavirus (and if you want to argue that it was all worth it, because the goal justified the means, keep in mind that the US government can say the exact same thing about its data access!). This is just standard power politics, a protectionist trade war whitewashed with talk about “rights” and “privacy”, only surprising thing is how people on HN are gobbling it up. I guess maybe that’s just willful ignorance - by pretending you don’t understand why EU actually attacks American companies like that, you might actually get some extra privacy protections you care about.
> Sure, and US can pass a law saying that safety regulations of Airbus planes made in France are not sufficient either. Americans just don’t like flying in unsafe planes!
That would be rather awkard for Boeing, who would have to strip out half the engines on its 787s and all its 737-MAXes for being certified by the same "insufficient" safety standards.
> Sure, and US can pass a law saying that safety regulations of Airbus planes made in France are not sufficient either. Americans just don’t like flying in unsafe planes!
If you cannot see the difference between this and the GDPR, I have no idea why we're talking. The GDPR is some pretty reasonable law, for the most part - if we had carve-outs for Americans who don't have to adhere to it, it would be entirely pointless.
The US is very welcome to end this by repealing their spy law.
Actually, it would be worse than pointless - it would advantage american firms over local ones, since only the local ones would have to obey the privacy laws, thereby allowing US ones to undercut local firms with funds obtained from selling user data.
They can fight in an american court. The issue is the cloud act which was passed explicitly to fight eu companies fighting in eu courts us govt data requests.
The crux is that in most cases the EU subsidiaries are not even set up to prevent that. They just roll over. Someone else tracked down the AWS GDPR compliance document the court case cites a few times, any governmental agency can request data transfers out of the EU. The document isn't even specific on which government and as far as I understand the North Korean government could request all EU users data and AWS would provide a download link without even thinking twice.
No, discrimination is discrimination. Racism is the assumption of a person's "race" - for most people that equates to skin colour and other physical properties but for some it goes deeper - being related to that person's character and abilities.
I live in Sweden but I'm not allowed to vote in national elections while I look just as Scandinavian as your average Sven. There are hundreds of thousands of people living in Sweden who do not look like Sven at all but are allowed to vote. Is Sweden being racist against me? No, they're just discriminating in who is allowed to vote, only those with Swedish nationality have that right. I´m not a Swede, hence I do not get to vote. This is a form of discrimination, but discrimination does not equate "bad" - I would not advice any country to allow foreign nationals to vote in their national elections.
> So is it likely the European Commission did this in an attempt to block US companies from offering internet services to the EU
More like the European Commission did this in an attempt to protect European citizens from having their personal data exfiltrated against their will to the US on order of US law enforcement agencies.
(I'm not sure if you're from the US or not, but let's just assume you are) -- how responsible do you feel for the vast amount of war crimes commited by US soldiers in the middle east over the last few decades? Shouldn't Americans share some collective responsibility for their government actions?
Of course they should. Aren't Americans democratically electing their government every now and then? Does the US foreign policy ever change in any significant way during the last 40+ years?
Instead of implementing `ToString` directly, you should implement `Display`. A `ToString` implementation will automatically be added, and you get all the formatting goodness out of the box.
